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Participants in the Upstream benchmarking provide more detailed data that enables them to benefit from normalised key performance indicators for CO2 (e.g. adjusted for weather and hours of operation), alongside other performance indicators such as separate measures of intensity for electricity, gas, delivered thermal energy etc.
It is important to distinguish between the forms of energy, as the amount of initial energy (and associated greenhouse gases emissions) required to deliver a kWh at the point of use varies significantly – with electricity being a more refined form of energy than fuels. This is important in thinking about environmental impact and the relative merits of different design approaches.
Two rules of thumb are to always be as efficient as possible with each energy source, and to not use a higher grade of energy for a purpose that a lower grade of energy can fulfil.
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